(define-syntax (pe expr)
  `(printf ',expr "evaluates to" ,expr))

(define-syntax (when condition :rest body)
  "Doc String for `when'"
  (if (= (rest body) ())
      `(if ,condition @body)
    `(if ,condition (begin @body))))

(define-syntax (unless condition :rest body)
  (if (= (rest body) ())
      `(if ,condition nil @body)
    `(if ,condition nil (begin @body))))

(define-syntax (n-times times action)
  "Executes action times times."
  (define (repeat times elem)
    (unless (> 1 times)
      (pair elem (repeat (- times 1) elem))))
  `(begin @(repeat times action)))

(define-syntax (let bindings :rest body)
  (define (unzip lists)
    (when lists
      (define (iter lists l1 l2)
        (define elem (first lists))
        (if elem
            (iter (rest lists)
                  (pair (first elem) l1)
                  (pair (first (rest elem)) l2))
          (list l1 l2))))

    (iter lists () ()))

  (define unzipped (unzip bindings))

  `((lambda ,(first unzipped) @body) @(first (rest unzipped))))

(define-syntax (cond :rest clauses)
  (define (rec clauses)
    (if (= nil clauses)
        nil
      (if (= (first (first clauses)) 'else)
          (begin
           (if (not (= () (rest clauses)))
               (error "There are additional clauses after the else clause!")
             (pair 'begin (rest (first clauses)))))
        `(if ,(first (first clauses))
              (begin @(rest (first clauses)))
              ,(rec (rest clauses))))))
    (rec clauses))

(define-syntax (define-special name-and-args :rest body)
  `(define ,(first name-and-args) (special-lambda ,(rest name-and-args) @body)))

(define-syntax (construct-list :rest body)
  "
(construct-list
  i <- '(1 2 3 4 5)
  yield (* i i))

(construct-list
  i <- '(1 2 3 4)
  j <- '(A B)
  yield (pair i j))

(construct-list
  i <- '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)
  when (evenp i)
  yield i)

"
  (define (append-map f ll)
    (unless (= ll ())
      (define val (f (first ll)))
      (if (= (first val) ())
          (append-map f (rest ll))
        (extend
         val
         (append-map f (rest ll))))))

  (define (rec body)
    (cond
     ((= () body) ())
     ((= () (rest body)) (first body))
     ((= (first (rest body)) '<-)
      `(,append-map (lambda (,(first body)) (list ,(rec (rest (rest (rest body)))))) ,(first (rest (rest body)))))
     ((= (first body) 'when)
      `(if ,(first (rest body)) ,(rec (rest (rest body)))))
     ((= (first body) 'yield)
      (first (rest body)))
     (else (error "Not a do-able expression"))))

  (rec body))

(define-syntax (apply fun seq)
  "Applies the funciton to the sequence, as in calls the function with
ithe sequence as arguemens."
  `(eval (pair ,fun ,seq)))


(define-syntax (define-package name :rest body)
  `(define ,(string->symbol (concat-strings (symbol->string name) "->"))
     ((lambda ()
        @body
        (set-type
          (special-lambda (:rest args)
                      (let ((op   (first args))
                            (args (rest  args)))
                        (cond ((= op 'pi)  3.14159265)
                              (else (try (apply op args)
                                         (error "The package does not contain this operation"))))))
          :package)))))


(define (nil? x)
  "Checks if the argument is nil."
  (= x nil))

(define (number? x)
  "Checks if the argument is a number."
  (= (type x) :number))

(define (symbol? x)
  "Checks if the argument is a symbol."
  (= (type x) :symbol))

(define (keyword? x)
  "Checks if the argument is a keyword."
  (= (type x) :keyword))

(define (pair? x)
  "Checks if the argument is a pair."
  (= (type x) :pair))

(define (string? x)
  "Checks if the argument is a string."
  (= (type x) :string))

(define (lambda? x)
  "Checks if the argument is a function."
  (= (type x) :dynamic-function))

(define (special-lambda? x)
  "Checks if the argument is a macro."
  (= (type x) :dynamic-macro))

(define (built-n-function? x)
  "Checks if the argument is a built-in function."
  (= (type x) :built-in-function))

(define (end seq)
  "Returns the last pair in the sqeuence."
  (if (or (nil? seq) (not (pair? (rest seq))))
      seq
    (end (rest seq))))

(define (last seq)
  "Returns the (first) of the last (pair) of the given sequence."
  (first (end seq)))

(define (extend seq elem)
  "Extends a list with the given element, by putting it in
the (rest) of the last element of the sequence."
  (if (pair? seq)
      (begin
        (define e (end seq))
        (mutate e (pair (first e) elem))
        seq)
    elem))

(define (extend2 seq elem)
  "Extends a list with the given element, by putting it in
the (rest) of the last element of the sequence."
  (printf "addr of (end seq)" (addr-of (end seq)))
  (if (pair? seq)
       (let ((e (end seq)))
         (printf "addr if e inner" (addr-of e))
         (mutate e (pair (first e) elem))
         seq))
    elem)

(define (append seq elem)
  "Appends an element to a sequence, by extendeing the list
with (pair elem nil)."
  (extend seq (pair elem ())))

(define (length seq)
  "Returns the length of the given sequence."
  (if (nil? seq)
      0
    (+ 1 (length (rest seq)))))

(define (increment val)
  "Adds one to the argument."
  (+ val 1))

(define (decrement val)
  "Subtracts one from the argument."
  (- val 1))


;; (defmacro for (@symbol @from @to :rest @for-body)
;;   "Designed to resemble a C style for loop. It takes a symbol as
;; well as its starting number and end number and executes the
;; @for-body with the defined symbol for all numbers between @from
;; to @to, where @to is exclusive."
;;   (if (< (eval @from) (eval @to))
;;       (macro-define @op incr)
;;     (if (> (eval @from) (eval @to))
;;         (macro-define @op decr)
;;       (macro-define @op nil)))
;;   (when @op
;;      (macro-define (eval @symbol) (eval @from))
;;      (eval (pair begin @for-body))
;;      (eval (extend (list for @symbol (@op @from) @to) @for-body))))

(define (range :keys from :defaults-to 0 to)
  "Returns a sequence of numbers starting with the number defined
by the key 'from' and ends with the number defined in 'to'."
  (when (< from to)
      (pair from (range :from (+ 1 from) :to to))))

(define (range-while :keys from :defaults-to 0 to)
  "Returns a sequence of numbers starting with the number defined
by the key 'from' and ends with the number defined in 'to'."
  (define result (list (copy from)))
  (define head result)
  (mutate from (increment from))
  (while (< from to)
    (begin
     (mutate head (pair (first head) (pair (copy from) nil)))
     (define head (rest head))
     (mutate from (increment from))))
  result)

(define (map fun seq)
  "Takes a function and a sequence as arguments and returns a new
sequence which contains the results of using the first sequences
elemens as argument to that function."
  (if (nil? seq)
      seq
    (pair (fun (first seq))
          (map fun (rest seq)))))

(define (reduce fun seq)
  "Takes a function and a sequence as arguments and applies the
function to the argument sequence. This only works correctly if
the given function accepts a variable amount of parameters. If
your funciton is limited to two arguments, use `reduce-binary'
instead."
  (apply fun seq))

(define (reduce-binary fun seq)
  "Takes a function and a sequence as arguments and applies the
function to the argument sequence. reduce-binary applies the
arguments `pair-wise' which means it works with binary functions
as compared to `reduce'."
  (if (nil? (rest seq))
      (first seq)
    (fun (first seq)
         (reduce-binary fun (rest seq)))))

(define (filter fun seq)
  "Takes a function and a sequence as arguments and applies the
function to every value in the sequence. If the result of that
funciton application returns a truthy value, the original value is
added to a list, which in the end is returned."
  (when seq
    (if (fun (first seq))
        (pair (first seq)
              (filter fun (rest seq)))
      (filter fun (rest seq)))))


(define (zip l1 l2)
  (unless (and (nil? l1) (nil? l2))
    (pair (list (first l1) (first l2))
          (zip (rest l1) (rest l2)))))

(define (unzip lists)
  (when lists
    (define (iter lists l1 l2)
      (define elem (first lists))
      (if elem
          (iter (rest lists)
                (pair (first elem) l1)
                (pair (first (rest elem)) l2))
        (list l1 l2))))

  (iter lists () ()))

(define (enumerate seq)
  (define (enumerate-inner seq next-num)
    (when seq
      (pair (list (first seq) next-num)
            (enumerate-inner (rest seq) (+ 1 next-num)))))
  (enumerate-inner seq 0))


(define (printf :keys sep :defaults-to " " end :defaults-to "\n" :rest args)
  "A wrapper for the built-in (print) that accepts a variable number
of arguments and also provides keywords for specifying the printed
separators between the arguments and what should be printed after the
las argument."
  (define printf-quoted (special-lambda (:keys sep end :rest args)
    (if (nil? args)
        (begin (print (eval end)) nil)
      (begin
       (print (first args))
       (unless (nil? (rest args))
         (print (eval sep)))
       (eval (pair printf-quoted
              (extend (list :sep (eval sep) :end (eval end)) (rest args))))))))

  (eval (pair printf-quoted (extend (list :sep (eval sep) :end (eval end)) args))))